Existing technologies

Subsea systems - deployable technologies
Areas	Technologies
Low cost subsea options	Mechanically connected pipe systems (Perenco, Wintershall) Low cost pipelines (Premier, Wintershall) Low cost subsea tiebacks and platforms for small discoveries (5+ operators) Long/deep water subsea tiebacks (Siccar Point) Standardisation and optimised design of subsea systems (Total) Subsea hot tap technology (NSMP) TCP flowlines and jumpers (Anasuria, Dana) Low cost subsea concepts (5+ operators)
Subsea boosting	Small scale compression and local power generation (Total) Increased oil recovery through subsea separation and pumping Subsea pumping systems (5+ operators)
Flow assurance and metering	Multiphase subsea flowmeter (Alpha, Marathon)
Subsea inspection and maintenance	Efficient subsea inspections and monitoring systems (5+ operators) Intelligent pigging systems (5+ operators) Pipeline wax removal (Total, EOG Resources) AUVs for subsea inspection and monitoring (Shell, RepsolSinopec) Marinising more inspection and detection tools (Total, RepsolSinopec)

Low cost subsea options
	Chevron, Equinor, Shell, Total and Apache have experience of long subsea tiebacks (up to 190km) including deep water applications Lower cost pipelines (mechanically connected pipe and composite pipe) could provide Capex efficiencies, enabling marginal discoveries and remote fields Grouted tee and mechanical hot taps have been used extensively in the Gulf of Mexico but not in the UKCS

Multiphase flowmeters
	Subsea MPFMs are in use by a large number of operators worldwide (e.g. BP, Shell, Petronas, ExxonMobil and Equinor) Individual metering subsea has the potential to identify under performing wells and improve production optimisation

Multiphase boosting/pumping
	Shell, Equinor, Total, Chevron and ExxonMobil have experience of multiphase boosting and pumping systems Subsea multiphase boosting provides increased recovery, topsides simplification and long tie-back applications